Watch the Video Tutorial: Interrupts are one of the most powerful features of PIC Microcontrollers, interrupts make it possible to create applications that can respond to external stimulus in real time. An interrupt is basically an event that requires the microcontroller to stop normal program execution and then to jump to execute a program code related to the event causing the interrupt. An interrupt requires immediate attention, only once the microcontroller will finish executing the interrupt code, then it can go back to continue with the main program.
This example demonstrates how to setup: - External INT0 interrupt on PORTB.0 pin - UART RX event interrupt - Interrupt on change on PORTB.7 - PORTB.4 You have unsaved changes. If you choose to leave all changes will be discarded.
The interrupt code is called Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) or Interrupt Handler. Here is a simple example to understand interrupts, let say you are playing a game with your phone and Suddenly your mobile phone rings somebody is calling you. Your phone will immediately leave the game and start ringing. Only once you are done with the call, then the phone will jump back to the game. This process is similar to ISR execution. You can think the main service routine in this case as playing the game and the ringing of the mobile phone as causing an interrupt.
This initiates your mobile phone conversation which is similar to executing Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). If there were no interrupt, while playing the game, the microcontroller would time to time pause the game and monitor if there is no one trying to call you. As you can see, this is not an efficient way of programming as it consumes all its processing time for monitoring and they can be a possibility of missing a short process that can require immediate attention. The best way is to leave the microcontroller do its normal main program, and if there is nothing to do, let the microcontroller go into sleep mode and be awaken only to respond to an interrupt that occurs. This can save power and much needed processor power especially if the application if battery powered. The processes of continuous monitoring is known as POLLING.
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Interrupts can be very useful in many applications such as:. Fail safe applications: Applications which require the immediate attention of the microcontroller when there is a fault in the system can use interrupts. For example, in an emergency such as a power failure in an hazardous environment where a the microcontroller has to take some precise coordinated actions like switching off the system immediately in an orderly manner. In such applications an external interrupt can force the microcontroller to stop whatever it is doing and take immediate action. Performing routine tasks: If an application requires the microcontroller to perform routine tasks at precise times, such as blinking a status LED, reading inputs of sensors connected to the microcontroller exactly every few millisecond. A timer interrupt scheduled with the required timing can divert the microcontroller from normal program execution to accomplish the task at the precise time required.
- PIC microcontroller interrupt forces the microcontroller to suspend execution of the main program and immediately execute a special set of instructions. Afterward the PIC micro continues from where it left off.
- USB Library Interface With PicMicroController (MikroC) USB Library Universal Serial Bus (USB) provides a serial bus standard for connecting a wide variety of devices, including computers, cell phones, game consoles, PDA’s, etc.
To check if a certain tasks have been completed: Some applications may need to know when a task, such as an A/D conversion, is completed, or instead of keep on listening (polling) for an incoming data from an UART or USB port for example, an interrupt could be raise immediately when an A/D conversion is done or when there is an incoming data instead of keeping the microcontroller doing nothing but waiting for this to happen. Interrupts in PIC PIC18F452 Different PIC Microcontrollers have different interrupts, but most have both the core and peripheral interrupt sources.
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Always check your device datasheet to find out more about the interrupts. Figure 1: PIC18F452 Like most PIC18F series PIC Microcontrollers, the PIC18F452 has the following interrupts:. External: External edge-triggered interrupt on INT0, INT1, and INT2 pins (RB0, RB1 and RB2). PORTB pins change interrupts (any one of the RB4–RB7 pins changing state). Timer 0 overflow interrupt. Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
Timer 2 overflow interrupt. Timer 3 overflow interrupt. Parallel slave port read/write interrupt. A/D conversion complete interrupt. USART receive interrupt. USART transmit interrupt.
Synchronous serial port interrupt. CCP1 interrupt. CCP2 interrupt. Comparator interrupt. EEPROM/FLASH write interrupt. Bus collision interrupt.
Low-voltage detect interrupt There are ten registers in the PIC18F452 microcontroller that control interrupt operations. RCON. INTCON. INTCON2. INTCON3.
PIR1, PIR2. PIE1, PIE2. IPR1, IPR2 Interrupts in the PIC18F family can be divided into two groups: high priority and low priority. Applications that require more attention can be placed in the higher priority group. A high-priority interrupt can stop a low-priority interrupt that is in progress and gain access to the CPU. However, high-priority interrupts cannot be stopped by low-priority interrupts. If the application does not need to set priorities for interrupts, the user can choose to disable the priority scheme so all interrupts are at the same priority level.
Every interrupt source (except INT0) has three bits to control its operation:. A flag bit to indicate whether an interrupt has occurred regardless of whether it is enabled or not. This bit has a name ending in IF. An interrupt enable bit to enable or disable the interrupt source.
This bit has the name ending in IE. A priority bit to select high or low priority. This bit has a name ending in IP. For an interrupt to work the following conditions must be satisfied:. The interrupt enable bit of the interrupt source must be enabled. For example, if the interrupt source is external interrupt pin INT0, then bit INT0IE of register INTCON must be set to 1.
The interrupt flag of the interrupt source must be cleared. For example, if the interrupt source is external interrupt pin INT0, then bit INT0IF of register INTCON must be cleared to 0. The peripheral interrupt enable/disable bit PEIE of INTCON must be set to 1 if the interrupt source is a peripheral. The global interrupt enable/disable bit GIE of INTCON must be set to 1. RCON Register The RCON register contains the bit which is used to enable interrupt priority (IPEN).
When IPEN = 0, interrupt priority levels are disabled and the microcontroller interrupt structure is similar to that of the PIC16 series which does not have priorities. When IPEN = 1, interrupt priority levels are enabled. Figure 2 below shows the bits of register RCON.
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Figure 2: PIC18F452 RCON Register INTCON Registers The INTCON Registers are readable and writable registers, which contain various enable, priority and flag bits. Figure 3: PIC18F452 INTON Register For more information on other registers, please check your PIC Datasheet from Microchip website. The PIC18F452 Datasheet can be downloaded from. External INT0 interrupt on PORTB.0 pin Example In this simple example we are going to monitor the status of a push button connected to pin RB0 which has the interrupt external INT0 using the. This push button could represent anything like a limit switch on a conveyor belt, a water level sensor, an emergency stop button, an Passive Infrared contacts etc. Whenever this Push button is pressed, it will trigger INT0 interrupt. In the main code, the Green LED connected to RB4 blinks at an interval of 1 seconds.
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The Interrupt Service Routine code will blink the Red LED connected to RB5 at an interval of 200ms 5 times. Peripheral UART Rx event interrupt Example Watch the video tutorial: Peripheral Interrupt In this simple Peripheral UART Rx event interrupt Example using the which has 2 UART modules, Whenever there is data sent to the serial port (the PIC USART), it will trigger the USART receive interrupt (interrupt on serial RX pin), if the sent character is 1, the microcontroller will execute the Interrupt Service Routine code, any other character will be ignored. In the main code, the Green LED connected to RB4 blinks at an interval of 1 seconds. The Interrupt Service Routine code will blink the Red LED connected to RB5 at an interval of 200ms 5 times.